La arquitectura de la seguridad pública en el ámbito industrial: un patrimonio imprescindible

La seguridad pública es un elemento clave para entender la implantación y el desarrollo del sector industrial en España. Las labores de vigilancia en nuestro país fueron asumidas por la Guardia Civil, cuya creación en 1844 hizo que su historia transcurriera en paralelo con la implantación de la Revolución Industrial. Uno de los fundamentos del Cuerpo era velar por las propiedades privadas, de ahí que se hiciera presente en los núcleos industriales desde un primer momento, sobre todo en aquellos que aglutinaban a un número importante de habitantes y tenían un peso económico destacado. La inversión privada que suponía la construcción de una casa cuartel llevaba implícita otras cuestiones de gran calado. Así, se hizo patente la estrecha relación que se estableció entre el Estado y la patronal, especialmente en lo que se refería a la respuesta dada a las demandas de los trabajadores. La construcción de un acuartelamiento y la consecuente fijación de la presencia de los guardias civiles, tuvo una clara influencia en los movimientos huelguísticos, controlando sus convocatorias y matizando sus efectos. Esta labor se tradujo en una visión negativa de la Guardia Civil por parte del proletariado, lo que afectó a su prestigio y a la seguridad de las casas cuartel, ya que pasaron a convertirse en la representación de la opresión y la falta de reconocimiento de derechos laborales. A su vez, los ofrecimientos que llegaron desde el sector industrial permitieron a la Guardia Civil adquirir casas cuartel de mayor calidad, en contraste con la precariedad de los mayoritarios, resueltos mediante la ocupación o alquiler de edificios vacantes. Estos acuartelamientos se erigen como las primeras promociones para la Guardia Civil, convirtiéndose a su vez en un referente para las que después llevaría a cabo el Estado a partir de la Segunda República. Por otro, la casa cuartel se integró como un elemento más del paisaje industrial, tanto por su influencia en la actividad laboral, como por el propio hecho de ser una arquitectura pensada desde unos principios similares de residencia y trabajo. Por tanto, la puesta en valor de la presencia de los acuartelamientos del Cuerpo en estos ámbitos resulta de gran importancia para comprender el fenómeno industrial en toda su complejidad, en donde estas arquitecturas se convierten en testimonio patrimonial de aquel pasado.Public safety is a key element to understand the implementation and development of the industrial sector in Spain. In our country, tasks regarding surveillance were assumed by the Guardia Civil, whose creation in 1844 made its history run in parallel with the implementation of the Industrial Revolution. One of the objectives of the Guardia Civil was to look after private property, which is why it was present in the industrial centres from the beginning, especially in those which had a large number of inhabitants and a significant economic weight. The private investment involved in the construction of a barracks house implied other major issues. Thus, the close relationship established between the State and the employers was evident, especially with regard to the response to workers' demands. The construction of a barrack and the consequent establishment of the presence of the Guardia Civil had a clear influence on the strike movements, controlling their calls and modifying their effects. This work translated into a negative view of the Guardia Civil by the proletariat, which affected its prestige and the safety of the barracks, as they became the representation of oppression and the lack of recognition of labor rights. In turn, the offers that came from the industrial sector allowed the Guardia Civil to acquire higher quality barracks, in contrast to the precariousness of the majority, resolved through the occupation or rental of vacant buildings. These barracks were the first ones promoted for the Guardia Civil, becoming at the same time an architectonic reference for those that would later be carried out by the State from the Second Republic. On the other hand, the barracks were integrated as another element of the industrial landscape, both for their influence on work activity and for the fact that they are an architecture designed from similar principles of residence and work. Therefore, the enhancement of the presence of the barracks of the Guardia Civil in these areas is of great relevance to understand the industrial phenomenon in all its complexity, where these architectures become a heritage testimony of that past

Lactonization reactions through hydrolase-catalyzed peracid formation. Use of lipases for chemoenzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones.

Lactonization reactions through hydrolase-catalyzed peracid formation. Use of lipases for chemoenzymatic Baeyer–Villiger oxidations of cyclobutanones.A one-pot chemoenzymatic method has been described for the synthesis of gamma-butyrolactones starting from the corresponding ketones through a Baeyer–Villiger reaction. The approach is based on a lipase-catalyzed perhydrolysis for the formation of peracetic acid, which is the responsible for the ketone oxidation. Optimization studies have been performed in the oxidation of cyclobutanone, finding Candida antarctica lipase type B, ethyl acetate and urea-hydrogen peroxide complex as the best system. The relative ratio of these reagents has also been analyzed in depth. This synthetic approach has been successfully extended to a family of 3-substituted cyclobutanones in high substrate concentration, yielding the corresponding lactones with excellent isolated yields and purities, under mild reaction conditions and after a simple extraction protocol.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN-12-CTQ2011-24237 y CTQ-2013-44153-P) Principado de Asturias (SV-PA-13-ECOEMP-42) Universidad de Oviedo (UNOV-13-EMERG-01

Transition between gap waveguides for use in multilayer structures at millimeter-wave frequencies

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Carrera-Suárez, F., Navarro-Méndez, D., Baquero-Escudero, M. and Sánchez-Escuderos, D. (2016), Transition between gap waveguides for use in multilayer structures at millimeter-wave frequencies. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 58: 102–106., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29507. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.A compact twist to connect a ridge-gap waveguide and a groove-gap waveguide in the Ka-band is presented. Measured insertion loss for a single twist is around 0.5 dB between 37.5 and 39 GHz. Return loss for a double twist is better than 12 dB in the same frequency range. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:102-106, 2016This This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Project TEC2013-47360-C3-3-P, and by the Government of Ecuador under a SENESCYT grant.Carrera-Suárez, LF.; Navarro-Méndez, DV.; Baquero Escudero, M.; Sánchez-Escuderos, D. (2016). Transition between gap waveguides for use in multilayer structures at millimeter-wave frequencies. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. 58(1):102-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.29507S10210658

Verificación mediante el método racional de las alternativas estructurales de pavimentos flexibles para vías con bajos volúmenes de tránsito del Invias

Trabajo de investigaciónSe realizó la verificación de las alternativas estructurales sin afirmado existente propuestas por invias para bajos volúmenes de tránsito. Dicha verificación se hizo mediante la metodología racional con apoyo del software WinDEPAV 2.6 (Vasquez Valera, 2018). Se modelaron las alternativas estructurales para el caso más critico de 500.000 ejes equivalentes de 80 KN para pavimentos de bajo volúmenes.1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 3. ANTECEDENTES Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 4. OBJETIVOS 5. ESTADO DEL ARTE 6. MARCO DE REFERENCIA 7. METODOLOGÍA 8. ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES 9. ANÁLISIS Y RESULTADOS 10. DISCUSIONES 11. CONCLUSIONES 12. RECOMENDACIONES 13. ANEXOS 14. BIBLIOGRAFIAPregradoIngeniero Civi

Wideband double monopole for mobile, WLAN and C2C services in vehicular applications

[EN] In this letter, a three-dimensional antenna solution for automotive applications is presented. The proposed solution is formed by two independent antennas, perpendicularly placed inside a plastic cover with a shark-fin shape. The antennas, designed with low-cost materials, exhibit omnidirectional radiation patterns in the azimuthal plane. The first antenna is a doubleshorted monopole that provides service from 698 to 960 MHz (in the LTE700, GSM850, and GSM900 bands), whereas the second antenna is a drop-shaped monopole that operates from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz (in the DCS1800, PCS1900, WCDMA2100, WLAN2400, LTE2600, WiMAX2350, and Wi-Fi at 2.4-GHz bands), and from 5.1 to 6 GHz (in theWi-Fi at 5 GHz and C2C bands). Results show a good matching and radiation efficiency at all bands.This work was supported by Project SEESAW P.O.R. 2007-2013-bando 2009-Azione 1.1.2, the Spanish Ministry of Economics and competitiveness under Projects TEC2013-47360-C3-3-P and CSD2008-00068, and the Government of Ecuador under the SENESCYT.Navarro-Méndez, DV.; Carrera-Suárez, LF.; Sánchez-Escuderos, D.; Cabedo Fabrés, M.; Baquero Escudero, M.; Gallo, M.; Zarnberlan, D. (2017). Wideband double monopole for mobile, WLAN and C2C services in vehicular applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. 16:16-19. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2016.2552398S16191